The Cisterians, sometimes
called Trappist Monks, were a reformed, strict Benedictine Order whose
members desired a return to a more literalist interpretation of the
Benedictine Rule. They were also known as the 'white monks'
because their habit was undyed wool, and so off-white. On this
page you will
find links to some of this information, as well as information from
Abbot
Gasquet's book English
Monastic
Life. Gasquet published the book through The Antiquaries
Book
series in
1904. It is now out of print and not generally available.
There may
be a number of factual errors in the text, or points on which
historians or theologians do not agree. Gasquet's
text, notes & links>>
|
|
Cistercians
The
congregation of Citeaux was at one time the most
flourishing of the offshoots of the great Benedictine body. The monastery of Citeaux was established by
St. Robert of Molesme in A.D. 1092.
The
saint was a Benedictine, and felt himself called to something different
to what
he had found in the monasteries of France. The peculiar system of the Cistercians,
however, was the work of St. Stephen Harding, an Englishman, who at an
early
age had left his own country and never returned thither.
He struck out a new line, which was a still
further departure from the ideal of St. Benedict that was the Cluniac
system. The Cistercians, whilst strictly
maintaining the notion that each monastery was a family endowed with
the
principles of fecundity, formed themselves into an Order, in the sense
of an
organized corporation, under the perpetual pre-eminence of the abbot
and house
of Citeaux, and with yearly Chapters at which all superiors were bound
to
attend. It was the chief object of the
administration to secure absolute uniformity in all things and
everywhere. This was obtained by the
Chapters, and by
their visitations of the abbot of Citeaux, made anywhere and everywhere
at
will. The Order spread during the first
century of its existence with great rapidity. It
is said that , by the middle of the twelfth
century, Citeaux had five
hundred dependencies, and that fifty years later there were more than
three
times that number. In England
the first abbey was founded by King Henry I, at Furness in A.D.1127
and of
the hundred houses existing at the general suppression three-fourths
had been
founded in the twelfth century. The
rest, with the exception of St. Mary Grace, London,
established in A.D. 1349 by Edward III., were founded
in the early part of the
thirteenth century.
English Monastic Life by
F.A. Gasquet. (pages 218-221)
|
Note: The
Cisterian Order is alive and well today. The term 'Trappist'
applied today refers to 'conservative' groups who seek to continue the
austerity of the original Cistercian reforms.
|
Cistercian Abbeys in
England (Most male religious Cistercian Houses in England were
abbeys, so I've listed all the Gasquet indexed Cistercian houses
here. For more English Religious Houses, see the index page):
Aberconway
|
Abbey
|
|
Denbigh.
|
Albalanda
|
|
(see Whiteland).
|
Carmarthen.
|
Basinwerk
|
Abbey
|
|
Flint.
|
Beaulieu
|
Abbey
|
|
Hants.
|
Bindon
|
Abbey
|
|
Dorset.
|
Bittleden
|
Abbey
|
|
Bucks.
|
Bordesley
|
Abbey
|
|
Worcester.
|
Boxley
|
Abbey
|
|
Kent.
|
Bruerne, or Brueria
|
Abbey
|
|
Oxford.
|
Buckfast
|
Abbey
|
|
Devon.
|
Buckland
|
Abbey
|
|
Devon.
|
Buildwas
|
Abbey
|
|
Salop.
|
Byland
|
Abbey
|
|
Yorks.
|
Calder
|
Abbey
|
|
Cumberland.
|
Cleeve
|
Abbey
|
|
Somerset.
|
Coggeshall
|
Abbey
|
|
Essex.
|
Combe
|
Abbey
|
|
Warwick.
|
Combermere
|
Abbey
|
|
Radnor.
|
Croxden
|
Abbey
|
|
Stafford.
|
Cwmhyre
|
Abbey
|
|
Radnor.
|
Dieulacres
|
Abbey
|
|
Stafford.
|
Dore
|
|
|
Hereford.
|
Dunkeswell
|
Abbey
|
|
Devon.
|
Dunscroft, in Hatfield
|
|
(cell to Rievaulx)
|
Yorks.
|
Flaxley
|
Abbey
|
|
Gloucester.
|
Ford
|
Abbey
|
|
Devon.
|
Fors de Caritate, Wensleydale
|
|
(translated to
Jervaulx)
|
Yorks.
|
Fountains
|
Abbey
|
|
Yorks.
|
Furness
|
Abbey
|
|
Lancaster.
|
Garendon
|
Abbey
|
|
Leicester.
|
Grace Dieu
|
Abbey
|
|
Monmouth.
|
Haselden in Rodmarton
|
|
(removed to Kingswood)
|
Gloucester.
|
Hayles
|
Abbey
|
|
Gloucester.
|
Holm Cultram
|
Abbey
|
|
Cumberland.
|
Horewell
|
|
(cell to Stoneleigh)
|
Warwick.
|
Hulton
|
Abbey
|
|
Stafford.
|
Jervaulx, or Jorvaulx
|
Abbey
|
|
Yorks.
|
Kingswood
|
Abbey
|
|
Wilts.
|
Kirkstall
|
Abbey
|
|
Yorks.
|
Kirksted
|
Abbey
|
|
Lincoln.
|
Kymmer
|
Abbey
|
|
Merioneth.
|
Llantarnam, or Caerleon
|
Abbey
|
|
Monmouth.
|
London,
St. Mary Graces
|
Abbey
|
|
Middlesex.
|
Louth
Park
|
Abbey
|
|
Lincoln.
|
Margam
|
Abbey
|
|
Glamorgan.
|
Meaux, or Melsa
|
Abbey
|
|
Yorks.
|
Merevale
|
Abbey
|
|
Warwick.
|
Neath
|
Abbey
|
|
Glamorgan.
|
Netley,
Letley, or Edwardstow
|
Abbey
|
|
Hants.
|
Newenham by Axminster
|
|
|
Devon.
|
Newminster
|
|
|
Northumberland.
|
Newnham
|
|
|
Devon.
|
Oxford,
St. Bernard’s College
|
|
|
Oxford.
|
Pipewell
|
Abbey
|
|
Northants.
|
Prene, or Preone
|
|
(cell of Wenlock)
|
Salop.
|
Quarre (Isle
of Wight)
|
Abbey
|
|
Hants.
|
Radmore in Cannock
Chase
|
|
(trans. to Stonleigh)
|
Stafford.
|
Regill
|
|
(cell of Fenley)
|
Somerset.
|
Revesby, or Rewesby
|
Abbey
|
|
Lincoln.
|
Rewley
|
Abbey
|
|
Oxford.
|
Rievaulx, or Rievalle
|
Abbey
|
|
Yorks.
|
Robertsbridge
|
Abbey
|
|
Sussex.
|
Roche, or
Du Rupe in Maltby
|
Abbey
|
|
Yorks.
|
Rufford
|
Abbey
|
|
Notts.
|
Rushen
|
|
|
Isle of Man.
|
Salley, or Sawley
|
Abbey
|
|
Yorks.
|
Sawtre
|
Abbey
|
|
Hunts.
|
Sibton
|
Abbey
|
|
Suffolk.
|
Stanlegh, or Stanley
|
Abbey
|
|
Wilts.
|
Stoneleigh, or Stanley in Arden
|
Abbey
|
|
Warwick.
|
Strata Florida
(Stratflour)
|
Abbey
|
|
Cardigan.
|
Strata Marcella (Strat Margel)
|
Abbey
|
|
Montgomery.
|
Stratford
Langthorn, West Ham
|
Abbey
|
|
Essex.
|
Swineshed
|
Abbey
|
|
Lincoln.
|
Thame
|
Abbey
|
|
Oxford.
|
Tiltey
|
Abbey
|
|
Essex.
|
Tintern
|
Abbey
|
|
Monmouth.
|
Vale Royal
|
Abbey
|
|
Cheshire.
|
Valle Crucis, or De Valle Dei
|
Abbey
|
|
Denbigh.
|
Vaudey
|
Abbey
|
|
Lincoln.
|
Wardon de Sartis
|
Abbey
|
|
Beds.
|
Waverley
|
Abbey
|
|
Surrey.
|
<>Whalley, or Locus Benedictus
|
Abbey
|
|
Lancaster.
|
Whitland, or Blanchland
|
Abbey
|
|
Carmarthen.
|
Woburn
|
Abbey
|
|
Beds.
|
Basedale
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Brewood White Ladies
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Salop.
|
Cokehill
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Worcester.
|
Douglas
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Isle of Man.
|
Elreton
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Esholt
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Goykwell, or Gowkeswell
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Lincoln.
|
Greenfield
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Lincoln.
|
Hampole
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Hevening, or Heyninges
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Lincoln.
|
Keldholme, Kirkby Moorside
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Kirkles
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Legbourne
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Lincoln.
|
Llanclere
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Glamorgan.
|
Llanleir
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Cardigan.
|
Llanlurgan
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Montgomery.
|
Markham
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Norfolk.
|
Nunappleton
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Nuncoton
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Lincoln.
|
Sewardesley
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Northants.
|
Sinningthwaite, or
Senningthwaite
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Stixwold
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Lincoln.
|
Swine, or Swinhey
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Tarrent, or Kaines
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Dorset.
|
Whiston
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Worcester.
|
Wickham
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
Wintney
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Hants.
|
Wykeham
|
|
Female House (Nuns)
|
Yorks.
|
|
Cistercian Links:
Corrections,
questions?
|
|
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